Occurrence of Surface Water Contaminations: An Overview

Microbial Monitoring of Surface Water in South Africa: An Overview

Infrastructural problems force South African households to supplement their drinking water consumption from water resources of inadequate microbial quality. Microbial water quality monitoring is currently based on the Colilert®18 system which leads to rapidly available results. Using Escherichia coli as the indicator microorganism limits the influence of environmental sources on the reported re...

Removal of fluorocarbon contaminations from water

Fluorocarbon contaminates such as perfluorooctane acid or perfluorooctane sulfonate can be found in waste water from several industrial branches, mostly related to the textile industry. The problem arises from textile finishing for oleophobic and hydrophobic properties where fluorocarbons are still without equivalent alternative. Fluorocarbons can be either release during the finishing process ...

An Overview of Candiduria

Candida microorganisms frequently exist as saprophytes on the external genitalia or urethra, however, yeast in measurable quantities are found in <1% of clean voided urine specimens. The overall frequency of Candida infections in hospitals has increased by 200% to 300% in the last decade, such that in a general hospital 5% of urine cultures may yield Candida species, and in tertiary-care center...

Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in surface water supplies.

Giardia and Cryptosporidium levels were determined by using a combined immunofluorescence test for source waters of 66 surface water treatment plants in 14 states and 1 Canadian province. The results showed that cysts and oocysts were widely dispersed in the aquatic environment. Giardia spp. were detected in 81% of the raw water samples. Cryptosporidium spp. were found in 87% of the raw water l...

Water transport controversies--an overview.